With a concussion there is a transient interruption of neurological function. There are no localizing signs associated with a concussion. A contusion is an area of bruising or microscopic hemorrhage of the brain, either directly (coup) or indirectly

Skull Fractures
 A simple linear skull fracture often requires no intervention. If the fracture crosses the groove of the middle meningeal artery or venous sinuses, hospitalization for observation is appropriate. A skull fracture that is depressed a distance greater than the thickness of the skull often needing surgical elevation. This rarely requires emergency surgery, however, and can frequently be delayed until full consciousness regained. A basilar skull fracture is often marked by hemotympanum, Battle's sign (ecchymosis behind the ear), 'raccoon eyes' (periorbital ecchymosis), and CSF otorrhea or rhinorrhea.

Subgaleal & Cephalohematoma
 A subgaleal hematoma can be associated with a skull fracture. It may cross suture lines. A cephalohematoma is a hemorrhage beneath the periosteum of the skull. Up to 25% are associated with an underlying skull fracture. A cephalohematoma does not cross suture lines. Needle drainage is contraindicated, and it resolves within weeks. It may calcify.