Stages of Distraction Osteogenesis

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a surgical method for gradually adjusting bone length or position through careful cutting and slow separation of fragments using a distraction device. Executed in stages, this procedure ensures proper bone healing.

Stages of Distraction Osteogenesis:

1. Osteotomy: The initial stage involves surgically cutting the bone (osteotomy) with precision to achieve the desired lengthening or repositioning.

2. Latency Period: Following the osteotomy, a crucial 5-7 day latency period allows bone cells to stimulate new matrix formation, promoting healing and stabilization before distraction begins.

3. Distraction Phase: The bone fragments undergo gradual separation using the distraction device, turned at a rate of approximately 0.5-1 millimeter per day. This phase lasts weeks or months, depending on the required adjustment.

4. Consolidation Phase: Once the desired adjustment is achieved, the distraction device remains in place for several months, allowing the new bone matrix to mineralize and harden, creating a robust union of bone fragments.

5. Device Removal: The final stage involves the removal of the distraction device, typically performed under local anesthesia once the bone union is strong and displacement risks are minimal.

Additional Considerations:

• Monitoring: Throughout the process, close surgeon monitoring ensures proper bone healing and identifies potential complications.

• Physical Therapy: Post-distraction phase, physical therapy may be recommended to regain range of motion and strength in the affected area.

• Recovery: The recovery time varies based on the surgery’s extent and individual factors, but patients can generally anticipate a return to normal activities within a few months.